Morse Code Basics
What is Morse Code?
Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of dots and dashes (or short and long signals). It was developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail for use with the electric telegraph, which was the first widely used instant long-distance communication system.
Core Elements of Morse Code
- •Dot (or "Dit")
A short signal or pulse, represented in writing as a period (.)
- −Dash (or "Dah")
A longer signal or pulse, represented in writing as a hyphen (-)
- ⎵Space
Silences or pauses that separate the dots and dashes, letters, and words
History and Development
Invention of the Telegraph
Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail develop the electric telegraph, laying the foundation for Morse code.
First Public Message
The famous message "What hath God wrought" is transmitted from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore.
International Adoption
Morse code begins to be adopted internationally for telegraph communications.
International Standards
The International Telecommunication Union standardizes Morse code for international use.
Titanic Disaster
Morse code distress signals play a crucial role in rescue operations during the Titanic disaster.
Retirement from Maritime Use
Morse code is officially retired from maritime communications, replaced by satellite systems.
Modern Applications
Morse code remains popular among amateur radio operators and is used in assistive technology for people with disabilities.
How Morse Code Works
Morse code works by representing each letter of the alphabet, number, and some special characters as a unique sequence of dots and dashes. The length of each element is precisely defined:
- A dot (.) is one unit long
- A dash (-) is three units long
- The space between elements of the same letter is one unit long
- The space between letters is three units long
- The space between words is seven units long
Example: "SOS"
The famous distress signal SOS in Morse code is: ... --- ...
Applications and Usage
Throughout its history, Morse code has been used in various contexts:
- Telegraphy - the original and primary application
- Radio communication, especially in maritime and aviation
- Emergency signaling (e.g., SOS)
- Military communications
- Amateur (ham) radio
- Assistive technology for people with disabilities
Ready to Learn Morse Code?
Now that you understand the basics of Morse code, you can start learning how to read and transmit it yourself. Our interactive lessons will guide you through the process step by step.